-
(1-1) Patterns in ecology (Stephan
Getzin).
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(2-1) Humboldt’s Physical Picture of the Andes (© RBG
KEW).
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(2-2) The trophic pyramid, representing the
transfer of energy from plants to herbivores and
predators.
-
(2-3) Resource partitioning of five warbler
species in the white spruce forests of North America (After
S. S. Mader, Biology: Florida
Advanced Placement edition (2004). By permission
of McGraw-Hill.).
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(3-1) (a) A lemming. (b) Population
dynamics of lemmings and voles ((a) Frank
Fichtmueller/Shutterstock. com. (b) P. Turchin et al., ‘Are
lemmings prey or predators?’, Nature volume 405, pp. 562–5 (2000). Reprinted
by permission from Springer Nature.)
-
(3-2) (a) Canadian lynx and hare. (b)
Population cycles of the snowshoe hare and Canadian lynx
((a) Tom and Pat Neeson. (b) K. J. Åström and R. M. Murray,
Feedback Systems: An Introduction
for Scientists and Engineers. Princeton
University Press, 2008 (after MacLulich,
1937).).
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(3-3) Idealized population
growth.
-
(3-4) Parasitoid wasp and Pierid butterfly
(© Justin Bredlau; Matthias
Tschumi.).
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(4-1) A coral reef
(iStock.com/Iborisoff.).
-
(4-2) Acacia trees and their ant bodyguards
(Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org
(CC BY 3.0).).
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(4-3) A rich kelp forest community
maintained by sea otters (a), without which herbivorous sea
urchin numbers get out of control (b) ((a) Douglas Klug. (b)
John Turnbull.).
-
(4-4) Succession in Morteratsch valley,
Switzerland (Juerg Alean.).
-
(4-5) A mature but secondary forest (within
the Harvard Forest) where once there were extensive field
systems in rural Massachusetts (Peter
Thomas.).
-
(4-6) The nitrogen
cycle.
-
(5-1) The gympie-gympie, or stinging tree,
of Queensland, Australia (Jaboury
Ghazoul.).
-
(5-2) Cinnabar moth caterpillar (Rob
Knell.).
-
(5-3) A dense carpet of seedlings of
Shorea gibbosa, in Borneo
(Jaboury Ghazoul.).
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(5-4) The Janzen–Connell
hypothesis.
-
(5-5) The ‘Big Biodiversity’ experiment at
the University of Minnesota (Forest
Isbell.).
-
(5-6) Food webs of the North Atlantic
(Lavigne, D. M. 2003. ‘Marine Mammals and Fisheries: The
Role of Science in the Culling Debate’, pp. 31–47 in
Marine Mammals: Fisheries, Tourism
and Management Issues (N. Gales, M. Hindell and
R. Kirkwood eds.). Collingwood, VIC, Australia: CSIRO
Publishing, 446 pp. Reprinted with
permission.).
-
(6-1) Species-rich wildflower strips along
agricultural fields (Matthias
Tschumi.).
-
(6-2) Water hyacinth choking backwaters in
Zambia (Fritz Kleinschroth.).
-
(6-3) A representation of alternative
stable states.
-
(6-4) The dynamics of the spruce-fir
forests of North America.
-
(6-5) A mosaic landscape of burned and
unburned forest patches after the Yellowstone fires in
October 1988 (Monica Turner.).
-
(7-1) The Blue Marble
(NASA.).
-
(7-2) Penan protesting against incursions
by loggers (© Bruno Manser Fund.).
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(8-1) Forest recovery after eruption of Mt
St Helens in 1980 (Jeff Hollett.).
-
(8-2) A representation of a rewilded
landscape (Jeroen Helmer/ARK
Nature.).
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(8-3) A dam built by Eurasian beavers (Nick
Upton/Alamy Stock Photo.).
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(8-4) An early interest in tadpoles
(Jaboury Ghazoul.).
