ملاحظات
مقدمة
(1)
Arthur Conan Doyle, “A Case
of Identity,” in The Adventures of Sherlock
Holmes (New York: Harper
& Brothers, 1904), 66. Emphasis
added.
(2)
Heidegger, “My Way to
Phenomenology,” trans. Joan Stambaugh, in
On Time and
Being (New York: Harper
& Row, 1972), 75. Emphasis
added.
(3)
John Paul II, “To a
Delegation of the World Institute of
Phenomenology of Hanover,” March 22,
2003,
https://w2.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/speeches/2003/march/documents/hf_jp-ii_spe_20030322_hanover.html.
Emphasis added.
(4)
Maurice Merleau-Ponty,
Phenomenology
of Perception, trans.
Donald A. Landes (New York: Routledge,
2012), lxxxv.
الفصل الأول: إلى الأشياء في حدِّ ذاتها
(1)
Stephen Hawking and
Leonard Mlodinow, The Grand
Design (New York:
Bantam Books, 2010),
5.
(2)
Hawking and Mlodinow,
The Grand
Design,
5.
(3)
Hawking and Mlodinow,
The Grand
Design, 9, emphasis
added.
(4)
Hawking and Mlodinow,
The Grand
Design,
32.
(5)
Hawking and Mlodinow,
The Grand
Design,
47.
(6)
Heidegger, “The Age of
the World Picture,” in The Question
Concerning Technology and Other
Essays, trans. William
Lovitt (New York: Harper &
Row, 1977),
130.
(7)
Hawking and Mlodinow,
The Grand
Design,
5.
(8)
For the previous two
points, I am indebted to Alva Noë’s
perceptive analysis in Infinite Baseball:
Notes from a Philosopher at the
Ballpark (Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 2019),
42–44.
(9)
Husserl, Crisis of European
Sciences and Transcendental
Phenomenology:
An Introduction to
Phenomenological
Philosophy, trans.
David Carr (Evanston, IL:
Northwestern University Press, 1970),
285.
(10)
Husserl, The
Crisis, 302: “The
Socratic return to self-evidence
represents a reaction; and
specifically this is making clear to
oneself, by means of example, the
fields of pure possibilities the free
variation which upholds the identity
of meaning, identity of the object as
substrate of determination, and makes
it possible to discern this
identity.” See also Ideas Pertaining to
a Pure Phenomenology and to a
Phenomenological Philosophy,
Third Book: Phenomenology and the
Foundations of the
Sciences, trans. Ted.
E. Klein and William E. Pohl (The
Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1980),
hereafter Ideas III,
86.
(11)
For the importance of
the modern heritage, see Chad
Engelland, Heidegger’s Shadow: Husserl,
Kant, and the Transcendental
Turn (New York:
Routledge, 2017).
(12)
Husserl, Logical
Investigations, trans.
F. N. Findlay (New York: Routledge,
2001), vol. 2,
76.
(13)
Husserl, Logical
Investigations, vol.
2, 76.
(14)
Nietzsche, “Truth and
Lies in a Nonmoral Sense,” in
Philosophy and Truth: Selections
from Nietzsche’s Notebooks of the
Early 1870s, ed. and
trans. Daniel Breazeale (Amherst, NY:
Humanity Books, 1979),
86-87.
(15)
Preface to the
second edition of The Gay
Science, in Portable
Nietzsche, ed. and
trans. Walter Kaufmann (New York:
Viking Penguin, 1954), p.
38.
(16)
Heidegger, History of the
Concept of Time:
Prolegomena, trans.
Theodore Kisiel (Bloomington: Indiana
University Press, 1985),
71.
(17)
Husserl, Logical
Investigations, vol.
1, 175.
(18)
Heidegger,
History
of the Concept of
Time, 76. Translation
modified.
(19)
Max Scheler,
“Phenomenology and the Theory of
Cognition,” in Selected
Philosophical Essays,
trans. David R. Lachterman (Evanston,
IL: Northwestern University Press,
1973), 138.
الفصل الثاني: العالم
(1)
Husserl, Logical
Investigations, vol. 2,
211.
(2)
Merleau-Ponty, “Eye and
Mind,” trans. Carleton Dallery, in
The Primacy
of Perception, ed. James
M. Edie (Evanston, IL: Northwestern
University Press, 1964),
180.
(3)
Husserl, Cartesian
Meditations: An Introduction to
Phenomenology, trans.
Dorion Cairns (The Hague: Martinus
Nijhoff, 1977),
111.
(4)
Hume, Enquiry Concerning
Human Understanding,
in Enquiries, 3rd ed.,
ed. L. A Selby-Bigge and P. H.
Nidditch (Oxford: Clarendon
Press, 1975), section 12, part
1.
(5)
Hume, Enquiry,
section 12, part
1.
(6)
Hume, Enquiry,
section 12, part
1.
(7)
Husserl, Ideas for a Pure
Phenomenology and
Phenomenological Philosophy.
First Book: General Introduction
to Pure Phenomenology,
trans. Daniel Dahlstrom
(Indianapolis, IN: Hackett, 2014),
hereafter Ideas I,
72-73.
(8)
Husserl,
Ideas
I, 73. Translated
modified.
(9)
Husserl, Cartesian
Meditations,
147.
(10)
Husserl, Ideas I,
80.
(11)
Hawking and Mlodinow,
The Grand
Design,
46.
(12)
Nietzsche, “Truth and
Lies in a Nonmoral Sense,”
83–85.
(13)
Searle,
Intentionality
(Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 1983), 230. My
emphasis.
(14)
Sokolowski, Phenomenology of
the Human Person (New
York:
Cambridge
University Press, 2008),
198–200.
(15)
Sokolowski, Phenomenology of
the Human Person,
225–237.
(16)
Heidegger, Being and
Time,
98-99.
(17)
Heidegger, The Fundamental
Concepts of
Metaphysics,
177.
(18)
Heidegger, History of the
Concept of Time,
196-197.
(19)
Husserl,
Cartesian
Meditations,
151.
الفصل الثالث: الجسد
(1)
Merleau-Ponty, “Eye and
Mind,” 168.
(2)
See Paul Bloom,
How
Children Learn the Meaning of
Words (Cambridge, MA:
MIT Press,
2000).
(3)
Merleau-Ponty, “The
Child’s Relations with Others,”
trans. William Cobb, in The Primacy of
Perception,
118.
(4)
Descartes, Meditations on
First Philosophy,
meditation 2, and Discourse
on Method, part
5.
(5)
Scheler, The Nature of
Sympathy, trans. Peter
Heath (New
Brunswick,
NJ: Transaction, 2008),
256.
(6)
Heidegger, Being and
Time, trans. John
Macquarrie and Edward Robinson (New
York: Harper & Row, 1962),
149–168.
(7)
Stein, The Problem of
Empathy, 3rd ed.,
trans. Waltraut Stein (Washington,
DC: ICS Publications, 1989),
71.
(8)
Husserl, Cartesian
Meditations,
117.
(9)
Merleau-Ponty, The Visible and the
Invisible, ed. Claude
Lefort, trans. Alphonso Lingis
(Evanston, IL: Northwestern
University Press, 1968), 263.
Translation
modified.
(10)
Merleau-Ponty, “An
Unpublished Text by Maurice
Merleau-Ponty: A Prospectus of His
Work,” trans. Arleen B. Dallery, in
The
Primacy of Perception,
5.
(11)
Merleau-Ponty,
“Eye and Mind,”
170.
الفصل الرابع: الحديث
(1)
Husserl writes that “the
word Löwe [lion] occurs
only once in the German language.”
Crisis,
357.
(2)
See Chad Engelland,
Ostension: Word Learning and the
Embodied Mind
(Cambridge, MA: MIT Press,
2014).
(3)
Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology of
Perception,
422.
(4)
Husserl,
Logical
Investigations, vol.
2, 276.
(5)
Heidegger,
History
of the Concept of
Time,
47.
(6)
Heidegger,
History
of the Concept of
Time,
47.
(7)
I am grateful to Bill
Frank for this
point.
(8)
Gerard Manley
Hopkins, “Pied Beauty,” in
Poems of
Gerard Manley Hopkins,
ed. Robert Bridges (London:
Humphrey Milford, 1918),
30.
(9)
Sokolowski, Phenomenology of
the Human Person,
48–67.
(10)
Husserl, Logical
Investigations, vol.
2, 195.
(11)
Husserl,
Logical
Investigations, vol.
2,
280-281.
(12)
Husserl, Logical
Investigations, vol.
2, 202.
(13)
Husserl, Pathmarks, ed.
William McNeill (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1998),
59.
الفصل الخامس: الحقيقة
(1)
Nietzsche, Will to
Power, trans. Walter
Arnold Kaufmann and R. J. Hollingdale
(New York: Random House, 1968), n.
515. My
emphasis.
(2)
Husserl,
Ideas
I,
38.
(3)
Husserl, Logical
Investigations, vol.
2, 261.
(4)
Merleau-Ponty, The Prose of the
World, ed. Claude
Lefort, trans. John O’Neill
(Evanston, IL: Northwestern
University Press, 1973),
129.
(5)
Husserl, Logical
Investigations, vol.
2, 318.
(6)
Heidegger, Being and
Time,
57.
(7)
Heidegger, Introduction to
Metaphysics,
107.
(8)
Searle, “The
Phenomenological Illusion,” in
Erfahrung
und Analyse, ed. Maria
E. Reicher and Johann Christian Marek
(Vienna: ÖBV & HPT, 2005),
323.
(9)
Heidegger, History of the
Concept of Time,
4.
(10)
Heidegger, Becoming Heidegger:
On the Trial of His Early
Occasional Writings,
1910–1927, ed.
Theodore Kisiel and Thomas Sheehan
(Evanston, IL: Northwestern
University Press, 2007),
288.
(11)
Aristotle, Metaphysics, in
The Basic
Works of Aristotle,
ed. Richard McKeon (New York: Random
House, 1941), 9.10,
1051b7–9.
(12)
Husserl, Logical
Investigations, vol.
2, 266.
(13)
Heidegger,
Towards
the Definition of
Philosophy, trans. Ted
Sadler (London: Athlone Press,
2000),
188.
الفصل السادس: الحياة
(1)
Michel Henry, Barbarism,
trans. Scott Davidson (New York:
Continuum, 2012),
6-7.
(2)
Stein, On the Problem of
Empathy,
87.
(3)
Heidegger,
The
Fundamental Concepts of
Metaphysics, trans.
William McNeill and Nicholas
Walker (Bloomington: Indiana
University Press, 1995),
177.
(4)
Heidegger,
Fundamental Concepts,
264.
(5)
Tomasello,
Origins
of Human Communication
(Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2008),
37-38, citing Juan-Carlos Gomez,
Apes,
Monkeys, Children, and the Growth
of Mind (Cambridge,
MA: Harvard University Press,
2004).
(6)
Nietzsche,
Beyond
Good and Evil: Prelude to a
Philosophy of the
Future, trans. Walter
Kaufmann (New York: Vintage
Books, 1966),
46.
(7)
Derrida,
The
Animal That Therefore I
Am, ed. Marie-Luise
Mallet, trans. David Wills. (New
York: Fordham University Press,
2008),
160.
(8)
Heidegger, Being and
Time,
235–241.
(9)
See Steve Crowell,
Normativity and Phenomenology in
Husserl and Heidegger
(Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 2013).
(10)
See Chad
Engelland, “Heidegger and the
Human Difference,” Journal of the
American Philosophical
Association 1 (2015):
175–193.
(11)
Husserl, The
Crisis, 3–189;
Heidegger, “Building, Dwelling,
Thinking,” trans. Albert Hofstadter,
in Basic
Writings, ed. David
Farrell Krell (New York:
HarperCollins, 1993),
347–363.
(12)
Hans Jonas, The Phenomenon of
Life: Toward a Philosophical
Biology (Evanston, IL:
Northwestern University Press, 2001),
83–86. Following Jonas, Leon Kass
works out the web of significance at
work in the full humanization of the
animal need to eat. See The Hungry Soul:
Eating and the Perfecting of Our
Nature (Chicago:
University of Chicago Press,
1999).
(13)
“Inside a Great Mind,”
Parade
Magazine,
https://parade.com/37704/
parade/12-inside-a-great-mind/.
(14)
Mark Kurzem, The Mascot:
Unraveling the Mystery of My
Jewish Father’s Nazi
Boyhood (New York:
Viking Penguin, 2007),
58.
(15)
Levinas, Ethics and
Infinity: Conversations with
Philippe Nemo, trans.
Richard Cohen (Pittsburgh, PA:
Duquesne University Press, 1995),
87.
(16)
Marcel, The Mystery of
Being, vol. 1, trans.
G. S. Fraser (South Bend, IN: St.
Augustine’s Press, 2001),
216-217.
(17)
Levinas, Totality and
Infinity: An Essay on
Exteriority, trans.
Alphonso Lingis (Pittsburgh, PA:
Duquesne University Press, 1969),
200.
الفصل السابع: الحب
(1)
Heidegger, History of the Concept
of Time, 296. Dietrich von
Hildebrand says mistaking love for an
urge “is surely the most radical
misconception of the nature of love.”
The Nature of
Love, trans. John F.
Crosby with John Henry Crosby (South
Bend, IN: St. Augustine’s Press, 2009),
25.
(3)
Heidegger, Pathmarks,
87. Translation
modified.
(4)
Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology of
Perception,
429.
(5)
Nietzsche, Beyond Good and
Evil,
93.
(6)
Scheler, Selected
Philosophical Essays,
110-111.
(7)
Scheler,
Selected
Philosophical Essays,
110.
(8)
Scheler, Selected
Philosophical Essays,
127.
(9)
Scheler, Selected
Philosophical Essays,
124.
(10)
Scheler, Ressentiment, trans.
Lewis B. Coser and William W.
Holdheim (Milwaukee, WI: Marquette
University Press, 2007),
87
(11)
Scheler, Ressentiment,
87.
(12)
Scheler,
Selected
Philosophical
Writings,
113.
(13)
Marion, The Erotic
Phenomenon, trans.
Stephen E. Lewis (Chicago: University
of Chicago Press, 2007),
22.
(14)
Sartre, Being and
Nothingness: An Essay on
Phenomenological
Ontology, trans. Hazel
E. Barnes (New York: Philosophical
Library, 1970),
255.
(15)
Sartre, Being and
Nothingness,
262.
(16)
Scheler, Person and
Self-Value: Three
Essays, trans. M. S.
Frings (Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff,
1987), 17.
(17)
Scheler, Person and
Self-Value,
18.
(18)
FCC v. AT&T
Inc., 562 U.S. 397
(2011).
(19)
Scheler, Person and
Self-Value,
11.
(20)
Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology of
Perception,
169-70.
(21)
Wojtyła, Love and
Responsibility (San
Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1981),
174–193.
(22)
Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology of
Perception,
376.
(23)
Heidegger, Being and
Time,
206.
(24)
Wojtyła, The Acting
Person, ed.
Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka,
trans.
Andrzej Potocki, in Analecta
Husserliana: The Yearbook of
Phenomenological
Research, X
(Dordrecht: D. Reidel, 1979),
337–348.
الفصل الثامن: التعجب
(1)
Gadamer, Truth and
Method, 2nd, rev. ed.,
trans. Joel Weinsheimer and Donald G.
Marshall (New York: Continuum, 1989),
101–110.
(2)
Heidegger, “Origin of the
Work of Art,” trans. Albert Hofstadter,
in Basic
Writings, ed. David
Farrell Krell (New York: HarperCollins,
1993), 206.
(3)
Heidegger,
What Is
Called Thinking?,
trans. J. Glenn Gray (New York:
Harper & Row, 1968), 5.
Translation
modified.
(4)
Heidegger,
Fundamental Concepts of
Metaphysics,
77.
(5)
Heidegger, Discourse on
Thinking, trans. John
M. Anderson and E. Hans Freund (New
York: Harper & Row, 1966),
53-54.
(6)
Marcel, Mystery of
Being, vol. 1, 18–38,
and vol. 2, 42,
respectively
(7)
Marcel, Mystery of
Being, vol. 1,
197–219; Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology
of Perception,
lxxxv.
(8)
Heidegger, Basic Questions of
Philosophy: Selected “Problems”
of “Logic,” trans.
Richard Rojcewicz and André Schuwer
(Bloomington: Indiana University
Press, 1994),
§§36–38.
(9)
Heidegger, Fundamental
Concepts of
Metaphysics,
190.
(10)
JoAnna Klein, “Why Do
Zebras Have Stripes? Scientists
Camouflaged Horses to Find Out,”
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/20/science/zebra-stripes-flies.html.
(11)
Heidegger, “What Is
Metaphysics?,” in Pathmarks,
95-96.
(12)
Quoted in Christy Marx,
Grace
Hopper: The First Woman to
Program the First Computer in the
United States (New
York: Rosen Publishing Group, 2004),
77.
(14)
On the essence of
friendship, see Aristotle, Nicomachean
Ethics, books 8 and
9.
(15)
Husserl,
Crisis,
285.
(16)
Husserl,
Crisis,
165.
(17)
Aristotle, Nicomachean
Ethics, book 9,
chapter 9.
(18)
Aristotle, Rhetoric, in The Basic Works of
Aristotle, 1.11,
1370b22–24.
(19)
Augustine, Confessions, trans.
Henry Chadwick (Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 1991),
60-61.
(20)
Heidegger, The Basic Problems
of Phenomenology, rev.
ed., trans. Albert Hofstadter
(Bloomington: Indiana University
Press, 1982),
328.
الفصل التاسع: المنهج
(1)
Augustine,
Confessions,
230-231.
(2)
Husserl,
Shorter
Works, ed. Peter
McCormick and Frederick A.
Elliston (Notre Dame, IN:
University of Notre Dame Press,
1981),
196.
(3)
Heidegger, Fundamental
Concepts of
Metaphysics,
293–300.
(4)
Husserl,
Ideas
I,
33.
(5)
Heidegger,
Basic
Problems of
Phenomenology,
23.
(6)
Heidegger, Being and
Time,
492.
(7)
Augustine, Confessions, book 1,
chapter 20, and book 10, chapters
30–42.
(8)
Heidegger, History of the
Concept of Time,
56.
(9)
Husserl, Crisis,
362.
(10)
On confirmation as
removal of quotation marks, see
Sokolowski, Introduction to
Phenomenology (New
York: Cambridge University Press,
2000),
187-188.
(11)
I am grateful to Chris
Mirus for this
point.
(12)
Heidegger, The Phenomenology
of Religious Life,
trans. Matthias Fritsch and Jennifer
Anna Gosetti-Ferencei (Bloomington:
Indiana University Press, 2004),
13.
(13)
Heidegger, Being and
Time,
230.
(14)
Scheler, Formalism in Ethics
and Non-Formal Ethics of Values:
A New Attempt toward the
Foundation of an Ethical
Personalism, trans.
Manfred S. Frings and Roger L. Funk
(Evanston, IL: Northwestern
University Press, 1973),
71-72.
(15)
Heidegger, Being and
Time,
237.
الفصل العاشر: الحركة الفلسفية
(1)
For an extended defense of
the positive relation of Husserl and
Heidegger, see Engelland, Heidegger’s Shadow:
Husserl, Kant, and the Transcendental
Turn.
(2)
Scheler,
Selected
Philosophical
Writings,
137.
(3)
Husserl, Ideas I,
116.
(4)
Husserl,
Crisis,
166.
(5)
Heidegger,
Being and
Time,
490.
(6)
Husserl, Psychological and
Transcendental
Phenomenology, 270.
Translation
modified.
(7)
Husserl,
Psychological and Transcendental
Phenomenology,
284.
(8)
Heidegger,
Becoming
Heidegger, 326.
Translation
modified.
(9)
For this suggestion, see
the translator’s introduction to
Heidegger, Logic: The Question of
Truth, trans. Thomas
Sheehan (Bloomington: Indiana
University Press, 2010),
xi.
(10)
Husserl, Ideas I,
114.
(11)
Heidegger, Basic
Questions,
178.
(12)
Rudolf Carnap, “The
Elimination of Metaphysics through
Logical Analysis of Language,” trans.
Arthur Pap, in Logical
Positivism, ed. A. J.
Ayer (Glencoe, IL: Free Press, 1959),
69.
(13)
Husserl, The Idea of
Phenomenology,
46.
(14)
Heidegger, History of the
Concept of Time,
146.
(15)
See Richard Polt,
Time and
Trauma: Thinking through
Heidegger in the
Thirties (London:
Rowman & Littlefield,
2019).
(16)
See Dietrich von
Hildebrand, My Battle against Hitler:
Defiance in the Shadow of the
Third Reich, trans.
John Henry Crosby (New York: Image
Books, 2016).
(17)
Husserl,
Ideas
III,
76.
(18)
Sartre,
“Existentialism,” trans. Bernard
Frechtman, in Existentialism
and Human Emotions
(New York: Carol Publishing, 1993),
23.
(19)
Heidegger,
Pathmarks,
271.
(20)
Heidegger, Pathmarks,
250.
(21)
Heidegger’s letter to
William J. Richardson, April 1962, in
“Preface” to William J. Richardson,
Heidegger: Through Phenomenology
to Thought, 2nd ed.
(The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1967),
xvi.
(22)
Gadamer, Truth and
Method,
576.
(23)
Foucault, Archaeology of
Knowledge, trans. A.
M. Sheridan Smith (New York: Pantheon
Books, 1972),
61.
(24)
Heidegger, Phenomenology of
Religious Life,
36.
(25)
Husserl,
Zur
Phänomenologie der
Intersubjektivität. Texte aus dem
Nachlass. Dritter Teil:
1929–1935, ed. Iso
Kern (The Hague: Martinus
Nijhoff, 1973),
406.
