الفصل الخامس عشر

مقالات مختارة

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  • Askenov et al., 2017. “On the future navigability of Arctic sea routes: High-resolution projections of the Arctic Ocean and sea ice.” Marine Policy, vol. 75, 300–317.
  • Barnston, A., 2014. “How ENSO leads to a cascade of global impacts.” ENSO Blog (Climate.gov), https://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs/enso/how-enso-leads-cascade-global-impacts.
  • Bates, C., 1956. “Marine meteorology at the U.S. Navy hydrographic office—a resume of the past 125 years and the outlook for the future.” BAMS, vol. 37, no. 10.
  • Bjerknes, J., 1966. “A possible response of the atmospheric Hadley circulation to equatorial anomalies of ocean temperature.” Tellus XVIII, 4.
  • Bjerknes, J., and H. Solberg, 1922. “Life cycle of cyclones and the polar front theory of atmospheric circulation.” Bergen Geophysical Institute.
  • Byers, H., 1960. “Carl-Gustaf Arvid Rossby: A Biographical Memoir.” National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC.
  • Carlowicz, M., 2003. “A river runs through it: Chronicling the currents of the North Atlantic.” Woods Hole Currents, vol. 10, no. 2.
  • Chase, G. A., 2013. “Lessons of the BOUNTY.” WoodenBoat, no. 233.
  • Francis, J., 2019. “Yes, climate change is making severe weather worse.” Scientific American, https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/yes-climate-change-is-making-severe-weather-worse/.
  • Francis, J., and S. Vavrus, 2013. “Evidence linking Arctic amplification to extreme weather in mid-latitudes.” Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 39, L06801.
  • Headland et al., 2020. “Transits of the Northwest Passage to end of the 2020 navigation season.” Scott Polar Research Institute at Cambridge, http://thenorthwestpassage.info/scott-polar-research-institute.
  • Hugonnet et al., 2021. “Accelerated global glacier mass loss in the early twenty-first century.” Nature, vol. 592, April 29, 2021.
  • IRI, 2015. “2015 El Niño: Notes for the East African malaria community.” International Research Institute for Climate and Society, New York.
  • Koračin et al., 2014. “Marine fog: A review.” Atmospheric Research, vol. 143, 142–175.
  • Law et al., 2010. “Plastic Accumulation in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre.” Science, vol. 329, no. 5996, 1185–1188.
  • Lewis, J., 2003. “Ooishi’s observation: viewed in the context of jet stream discovery.” BAMS, vol. 84, no. 3.
  • Little, T., 2019. “In Greenland village, shorter winters cast doubts over dog sledding.” Phys.org, https://phys.org/news/2019-09-greenland-village-shorter-winters-dog.html.
  • Lorenz, E., 1969. “The predictability of a flow which possesses many scales of motion.” Tellus XXI, no. 3.
  • Marshall, A., 2019. “Icebound: The climate-change secrets of 19th century ship’s logs.” Reuters, https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/climate-change-ice-shiplogs/.
  • Mayewski et al., 2014. “Holocene warming marked by abrupt onset of longer summers and reduced storm frequency around Greenland.” Journal of Quaternary Science, vol. 29, no. 1, 99–104.
  • Middleton, W., E. Knowles, 1944. “A brief history of the barometer.” Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, vol. XXXVIII, no. 2, February 1944.
  • Mikesh, R., 1973. “Japan’s World War II balloon bomb attacks on North America.” Smithsonian Annals of Flight, no. 9, Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington, DC.
  • Millikan, Lt. Col. R. A., 1919. “Some scientific aspects of the meteorological work of the US Army.” Monthly Weather Review, April 1919.
  • Mouginot et al., 2019. “Forty-six years of Greenland Ice Sheet mass balance from 1972 to 2018.” PNAS, vol. 116, no. 19.
  • NOAA, 2013. “Service Assessment: Hurricane/Post Tropical Cyclone Sandy.”
  • NTSB, 2017. “Report on the sinking of US cargo vessel El Faro, Oct. 1, 2015.” National Transportation Safety Board, Washington, DC, MAR-17/01 PB2018-100342.
  • O’Riordan, E., 2021. “US honor for 98-year-old woman whose Mayo weather report changed D-Day landing.” Irish Times, June 20, 2021.
  • Pearce, R., 2005. “Why must hurricanes have eyes?” Weather (Royal Meteorological Society), vol. 60, no. 1.
  • Persson, A., 1998. “How do we understand the Coriolis force?” BAMS, vol. 79, no. 7.
  • Persson, A., 2006. “Hadley’s Principle: Understanding and misunderstanding the trade winds.” ICHM, vol. 3.
  • Revkin, A., 2015. “Blizzard questions, including why a European weather model (usually) excels at US forecasts.” New York Times, January 26, 2015.
  • Rozwadowski, H., 2016. “Reconsidering Matthew Fontaine Maury.” International Journal of Maritime History, vol. 28, no. 2.
  • Sandweiss et al., 2007. “Mid-Holocene climate and culture change in coastal Peru,” in Climate Change and Cultural Dynamics: A Global Perspective on Mid-Holocene Transitions (Elsevier).
  • Schultz, D., and K. Browning, 2017. “What is a sting jet?” Weather, vol. 72, no. 3.
  • Schweiger, A., K. Wood, and J. Zhang, 2019. “Arctic Sea ice volume variability over 1901–2010: A model-based reconstruction.” Journal of Climate, vol. 32, 4732.
  • Shapiro, M., and D. Keyser, 1990. “Fronts, jet streams and the tropopause.” Erik Palmén Memorial Volume, American Meteorological Society, 167–191.
  • Sienkiewicz, J., and L. Chesneau, 2008. “Mariner’s guide to the 500-millibar chart.” Mariner’s Weather Log, vol. 52, no. 3.
  • Smith, L., and S. Stephenson, 2013. “New Trans-Arctic shipping routes navigable by midcentury.” PNAS, E1191–E1195, www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1214212110.
  • Staff Members of the Department of Meteorology of the University of Chicago, 1947. “On the general circulation of the atmosphere in middle latitudes.” BAMS, vol. 28, no. 6.
  • Steffensen et al., 2008. “High-resolution Greenland ice core data show abrupt climate change happens in few years.” Science, vol. 321, no. 5889, 680–684.
  • Stenhouse et al., 2014. “Meteorologists’ views about global warming.” BAMS, vol. 95, no. 7.
  • Struznik, E., 2019. “A Northwest Passage journey finds little ice and big changes.” Yale Environment 360, https://e360.yale.edu/features/a-northwest-passage-journey-finds-little-ice-and-big-changes.
  • Sverdrup, H., and W. Munk, 1947. “Winds, sea, and swell: theory of relations for forecasting.” University of California Scripps Institution of Oceanography, San Diego.
  • Transportation Safety Board of Canada, 2007. “Marine Investigation Report M06F0024: Crew member lost overboard, sail training vessel Picton Castle, 376 nm SSE of Lunenburg, Nova Scotia, 08 December 2006.”
  • Transportation Safety Board of Canada, 2010. “Marine Investigation Report M10F0003: Knockdown and capsizing, sail training yacht Concordia, 300 miles SSE off Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 17 February 2010.”
  • United States Coast Guard, 2014. “Report 16732: Investigation into the circumstances surrounding the sinking of the US tall ship Bounty.” US Department of Homeland Security, May 2014.
  • Wallace et al., 2014. “Global warming and winter weather.” Science, vol. 343, no. 6172.
  • Walsh et al., 2018. “100 years of progress in polar meteorology.” Meteorological Monographs, American Meteorological Society, vol. 59, no. 1.
  • Wood et al., 2018. “Results of the first Arctic heat open science experiment.” BAMS, vol. 99, no. 3.
  • Wood, K., and J. Overland, 2003. “Accounts from 19th-century Canadian Arctic explorers’ logs reflect present climate conditions.” Eos, vol. 84, no. 40, 410–412.
  • Wyrtki, K., 1975. “El Niño—the dynamic response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean to atmospheric forcing.” Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol. 5, 572.
  • Yau et al., 2016. “Reconstructing the last interglacial at Summit, Greenland: Insights from GISP2.” PNAS, vol. 113, no. 35.
  • Zebiak, E., and M. Cane, 1986. “A model El Niño-southern oscillation.” Monthly Weather Review, vol. 115, 2262.

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