مصادر للتعمق | أكبر خمس مشكلات في العلوم

مصادر عامة

كتب

Anton, Ted. Bold Science; Seven Scientists Who Are Changing Our World. New York: W. H. Freeman and Co., 2000.
Kaku, Michio. Hyperspace. London: Oxford University Press, 1994.
Kaku, Michio. Visions. New York: Anchor Books, 1997.
Kuhn, Robert L. Closer to Truth: Challenging Current Belief. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000.

دوريات

Discover.
Science.
Science Week.
Scientific American (or www.sciam.com.).

موقع إلكتروني

www.mkaku.org.

الفصل الأول: العلوم في الميزان

كتب

Brockman, John (Ed.). The Next Fifty Years — Science in the First Half of the Twenty-First Century. New York: Vantage Books, 2002.
Malone, John. Unsolved Mysteries of Science: A Mind-Expanding Journey through a Universe of Big Bangs, Particle Waves, and Other Perplexing Concepts. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2001.

الفصل الثاني: الفيزياء

لماذا لبعض الجسيمات كتلة والبعض الآخر عديم الكتلة؟

كتب

Brennan, Richard P. Heisenberg Probably Slept Here: The Lives, Times, and Ideas of the Great Physicists of the 20th Century. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1996.
Kane, Gordon. Supersymmetry: Squarks, Photinos, and the Unveiling of the Ultimate Laws of Nature. Cambridge, Mass.: Helix Books, 2000.
Peat, F. David. Superstrings and the Search for the Theory of Everything. New York: Contemporary Books, 1989.

دوريات

Arkani-Hamed, Nina, Savas Dimopolous, and Georgi Dvali. “The Universe’s Unseen Dimensions.” Scientific American, August 2000.
“A Matter of Time,” Scientific American, September 2002 Special Issue.
Overbye, Dennis. “Remembering David Schramm, the Gentle Giant of Cosmology.” New York Times, February 10, 1998.
Weinberg, Steven. “A Unified Physics by 2050?” Scientific American, December 1999.

مواقع إلكترونية

CERN (The European High Energy Physics site): http://welcome.cern.ch/welcorne/gateway.html.
Contemporary Physics Education Project: www.cpepweb.org/.
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory site: www.fnal.gov/.
Higgs field: www.hep.yorku.ca/what_is_higgs.html.
Higgs search: http://magazine.uchicago.edu/0104/features/higgs .html.
High Energy Physics at Fermilab: www.hep.net/.
“Hunting for Higher Dimensions,” Science News Online, February 19, 2000: www.sciencenews.org.
“A Layman’s Guide to M-Theory” by M. J. Duff, http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/9805177.
Particle Adventure site: http://particleadventure.org/particleadventure/index.html.
Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council site: www.pparc.ac.uk/.
Quantum Field Theory: http://theory.caltech.edu/people/jhs/strings/str114.html.
Stanford Linear Accelerator Center site: www.slac.stanford.edu/.

الفصل الثالث: الكيمياء

ما سلسلة التفاعلات الكيميائية التي استطاعت الذرات من خلالها تكوين أول الكائنات الحية؟

كتب

Adams, Fred. Origins of Existence: How Life Emerged in the Universe. New York: The Free Press, 2002.
deDuvé, Christian. Life Evolving: Molecules, Mind, and Meaning. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Ridley, Matt. Genome. New York: HarperCollins, 2000.
Shapiro, Robert. Planetary Dreams: The Quest to Discover Life Beyond Earth. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2001.

دوريات

Ridley, Matt. “The Year of the Genome.” Discover, 22, No. 1, January 2001.
Wade, Nicholas. “Inside the Cell, Experts See Life’s Origin.” New York Times, April 6, 1999.

مواقع إلكترونية

Archaea: www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/archaea/archaea.html.
Beginnings of life on Earth: www.sigmaxi.org/amsci/articles/95articles/cdeduve.html.
Life in the right universe: www.discover.com/nov_00/featlife.html.
Origin of life: http://origins.jpl.nasa.gov/www.resa.net./nasa/origins_life.htm http://taggart.glg.msu.edu/isb200/oolife.htm.
The Origin of Life on Earth, by Leslie Orgel: www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Lab/2948/orgel.html.
Origin of Life prize: www.us.net/life/.
Origins and early evolution of Life: www.chemistry.ucsc.edu/Projects/origin/home.html.
Wickramasinghe and Hoyle’s view of life’s origins: www.actionbioscience.org/newfrontiers/wickramasinghe/wick_hoyle.html.

الفصل الرابع: علم الأحياء

ما البنية الكاملة للبروتيوم وما وظيفته؟

كتب

Raven, Peter H., and George B. Johnson. Biology, 6th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2002.

مواقع إلكترونية

Applied molecular genetics: www.biochem.arizona.edu/classes/bioc471/pages/Lecture3.html.
Biochips: http://157.98.13.103/docs/1995/103-3/innovations.html.

http://arrayit.com/Company/Media/PrintMedia/printmedia.html.

www.goertzel.org/benzine/FodorProfile.htm.
Gel electrophoresis: www.iacr.bbsrc.ac.uk/notebook/courses/guide/dnast.htm.
Genetic code: http://newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/mole00.htm.
“Junk” DNA, or is it?: www.iacr.bbsrc.ac.uk/notebook/courses/guide/dnast.htm.
Molecular biology notebook: www.iacr.bbsrc.ac.uk/notebook/courses/guide/dnast.htm.
Molecular genetics: http://newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/mole00.htm.

الفصل الخامس: الجيولوجيا

هل يمكن التنبؤ بالطقس بدقة على المدى الطويل؟

دورية

“Scientific American Presents Weather,” Scientific American, 11, No. 1, Spring 2000.

مواقع إلكترونية

Ice on the Moon: http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/ice/ice_moon .html.
Origin of water on Earth: http://scienceweek.com/swfr065.htm.
Running climate prediction simulations on your computer: www.climateprediction.com.
Venera missions to Venus: http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/Venera.html.

الفصل السادس: علم الفلك

لماذا يتمدد الكون أسرع وأسرع؟

كُتب

Bergstrom, L., and A. Goobar. Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1999.
Boss, Alan. Looking for Earths: The Race to Find New Solar Systems. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2000.
Fox, Karen C. The Big Bang Theory: What It Is, Where It Came From, and Why It Works. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2002.
Livio, Mario. The Accelerating Universe: Infinite Expansion, the Cosmological Constant, and the Beauty of the Cosmos. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2000.

دوريات

Cline, David B. “The Search for Dark Matter.” Scientific American 288, 3, March 2003.
Overbye, Dennis. “A Scientist’s Prey: Dark Energy in the Cosmic Abyss.” New York Times, February 18, 2003.
Wright, Karen. “Very Dark Energy,” Discover, 22, No. 3, March 2001.

مواقع إلكترونية

Acceleration of the universe: www.discover.com/science_news/astronomy/quickl.html.
Astronomy links: www.winternet.com/~gmcdavid/html_dir/astronomy.html.
Friedrich Bessel biography: www.groups.dcs.stand.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Bessel.html.
Big Bang plus: http://hoku.as.utexas.edu/~gebhardt/a309s02/lect5dm.html.
Big Bang theory: www.damtp.com.ac.uk/user/gr/public/bb_home .html.
Cosmological constant and dark matter: http://umwntl.physics.lsa .umich.edu/PIC99/_Talks/turner/turner.htm.
Dark energy in the accelerating universe: http://snap.lbl.gov/brochure/index.html.
Dark energy resource book: http://supernova.lbl.gov/∼evlinder/sci.html#secl.
Dark matter and dark energy: http://hitoshi.berkeley.edu/290E/.
High Z Supernova Project: www.sc.doe.gov/feature_articles_2001/April/lucky_supernova/lucky_supernova.htm.
Microwave Anisotropy Project: http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/m_uni/uni_101fate.html.
M-Theory: www.damtp.com.ac.uk/user/gr/public/qg_ss.html.
Next Generation Space Telescope: http://ngst.gsfc.nasa.gov/.
Supernova acceleration probe presentation: http://atlas.physics.lsa .umich.edu/docushare/dscgi/ds.py/GetRepr/File-985/html.
Theoretical cosmology links: http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/∼jcohn/tcosmo.html.

مجلدات المشكلات

كتب

Kaku, Michio. Hyperspace. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
Kaku, Michio. Visions. New York: Anchor Books, 1997.
Malone, John. Unsolved Mysteries of Science. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2001.
Penrose, Roger. The Emperor’s New Mind: Concerning Computers, Minds, and the Laws of physics. New York: Viking Penguin, 1990.
Raup, David. Extinction: Bad Genes or Bad Luck? W. W. Norton & Company, New York, 1992.
Rees, Martin. Our Cosmic Habitat. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001.
Steel, Duncan. Rogue Asteroids and Doomsday Comets: The Search for the Million Megaton Menace That Threatens Life on Earth. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1997.

دوريات

Crick, Francis, and C. Koch. “The Problem of Consciousness,” Scientific American, September 1992.
Gibbs, W. Wayt. “Ripples in Spacetime,” Scientific American, April 2002.
Overbye, Dennis. “A New View of Our Universe: Only One of Many,” New York Times, October 29, 2002.
Wade, Nicholas. “Before the Big Bang, There was … What?” New York Times, May 23, 2001.