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المصادر

الفصل الأول: ما هو التنوع البيولوجي، ولماذا هو مهم؟

  • 2001 Amsterdam Declaration on Earth System Science. Challenges of a Changing Earth: Global Change Open Science Conference, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 13 July 2001.
  • Darwin, C., 1839. The Voyage of the Beagle, Natural History Library (1962 edn.). Norwell, MA: Anchor Press.
  • Grant, R. B. and Grant, P. R., 2003. What Darwin’s finches can teach us about the evolutionary origin and regulation of biodiversity. BioScience, 53(10), pp. 965–75.
  • Holland, P., 2011. The Animal Kingdom: A Very Short Introduction (Vol. 293). Oxford University Press.
  • Kyaw, P. P., Macdonald, D. W., Penjor, U., Htun, S., Naing, H., Burnham, D., Kaszta, Ż., and Cushman, S. A., 2021. Investigating carnivore guild structure: spatial and temporal relationships amongst threatened felids in Myanmar. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 10(12), p. 808.
  • Macdonald, D. W., Chiaverini, L., Bothwell, H. M., Kaszta, Ż., Ash, E., Bolongon, G., Can, Ö. E., Campos-Arceiz, A., Channa, P., Clements, G. R., and Hearn, A. J., 2020. Predicting biodiversity richness in rapidly changing landscapes: climate, low human pressure or protection as salvation? Biodiversity and Conservation, 29(14), pp. 4035–57.
  • Mora, C., Tittensor, D. P., Adl, S., Simpson, A. G., and Worm, B., 2011. How many species are there on Earth and in the ocean? PloS biology, 9(8), p.e1001127.
  • Myers, N., Mittermeier, R. A., Mittermeier, C. G., Da Fonseca, G. A. and Kent, J., 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403 (6772), pp. 853–8.
  • Palmer, T. M., 2003. Spatial habitat heterogeneity influences competition and coexistence in an African acacia ant guild. Ecology, 84(11), pp. 2843–55.

الفصل الثاني: ما هي المشكلة؟

  • Balmford, B., Green, R. E., Onial, M., Phalan, B., and Balmford, A., 2019. How imperfect can land sparing be before land sharing is more favourable for wild species? Journal of Applied Ecology, 56(1), pp. 73–84.
  • Barnosky, A. D., Hadly, E. A., Bascompte, J., Berlow, E. L., Brown, J. H., Fortelius, M., Getz, W. M., Harte, J., Hastings, A., Marquet, P. A., and Martinez, N. D., 2012. Approaching a state shift in Earth’s biosphere. Nature, 486(7401), pp. 52–8.
  • Bauer, H., Chapron, G., Nowell, K., Henschel, P., Funston, P., Hunter, L. T., Macdonald, D. W., and Packer, C., 2015. Lion (Panthera leo) populations are declining rapidly across Africa, except in intensively managed areas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(48), pp. 14894–9.
  • Ceballos, G., Ehrlich, P. R., and Raven, P. H., 2020. Vertebrates on the brink as indicators of biological annihilation and the sixth mass extinction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(24), pp. 13596–602.
  • Collier, P., 2008. The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries Are Failing and What Can Be Done About It. Oxford University Press, USA.
  • Diamond, J. M., 1989. The present, past and future of human-caused extinctions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences, 325(1228), pp. 469–77.
  • Dickman, A. J., Hinks, A. E., Macdonald, E. A., Burnham, D., and Macdonald, D. W., 2015. Priorities for global felid conservation. Conservation Biology, 29(3), pp. 854–64.
  • Ecologist, The, 1972. A blueprint for survival. The Ecologist, 2(1), pp. 1–43.
  • Erlich, P., and Walker. B., 1998. Rivets and redundancy. BioScience, 48(5), p. 387.
  • Estes, J. A., Danner, E. M., Doak, D. F., Konar, B., Springer, A. M., Steinberg, P. D., Tinker, M. T., and Williams, T. M., 2004. Complex trophic interactions in kelp forest ecosystems. Bulletin of Marine Science, 74(3), pp. 621–38.
  • Horn, A. A. and Lewis, E., 1928. The Life and Works of Alfred Aloysius Horn, an Old Visiter (Vol. 3). London: J. Cape.
  • IUCN. 2021. The IUCN red list of threatened species. <https://www. iucnredlist.org/>.
  • Kopnina, H. and Washington, H., 2016. Discussing why population growth is still ignored or denied. Chinese Journal of Population Resources and Environment, 14(2), pp. 133–43.
  • Leclère, D., Obersteiner, M., Barrett, M., Butchart, S. H., Chaudhary, A., De Palma, A., DeClerck, F. A., Di Marco, M., Doelman, J. C., Dürauer, M., and Freeman, R., 2020. Bending the curve of terrestrial biodiversity needs an integrated strategy. Nature, 585(7826), pp. 551–6.
  • Lindsey, P. A., Chapron, G., Petracca, L. S., Burnham, D., Hayward, M. W., Henschel, P., Hinks, A. E., Garnett, S. T., Macdonald, D. W., Macdonald, E. A., and Ripple, W. J., 2017. Relative efforts of countries to conserve world’s megafauna. Global Ecology and Conservation, 10, pp. 243–52.
  • Macdonald, E. A., Burnham, D., Hinks, A. E., Dickman, A. J., Malhi, Y., and Macdonald, D. W., 2015. Conservation inequality and the charismatic cat: Felis felicis. Global Ecology and Conservation, 3, pp. 851–66.
  • Poux, X. and Aubert, P. M., 2018. An agroecological Europe in 2050: multifunctional agriculture for healthy eating. Findings from the Ten Years For Agroecology (TYFA) modelling exercise, Iddri-AScA, Study, 9, p. 18.
  • Swiss Re Group 2020. <https://reports.swissre.com/2020/>.
  • Wilson, E. O., 2016. Half-earth: Our Planet’s Fight for Life. WW Norton & Company.
  • World Wildlife Fund. Ecoregions <http://www.worldwildlife.org/biomes>.

الفصل الثالث: ما هو الغرض من الحفاظ على التنوع البيولوجي؟

  • Arrow, K. J., Cline, W. R., Maler, K. G., Munasinghe, M., Squitieri, R., and Stiglitz, J. E., 1996. Intertemporal Equity, Discounting, and Economic Efficiency. Cambridge University Press, pp. 125–44.
  • Beston, Henry (2003 reprint). The Outermost House: A Year of Life on the Great Beach of Cape Cod. Macmillan, pp. 9-10.
  • Burke, Edmund, 1790. Reflections on the Revolution in France, in The Works of the Right Honorable Edmund Burke, vol. 3, p. 359 (1899).
  • Elton, C. S., 2020. The Ecology of Invasions by Animals and Plants. Springer Nature.
  • Hambler, C. and Canney, S. M., 2013. Conservation. Cambridge University Press.
  • Helm, D., 2019. Green and Prosperous Land: A Blueprint for Rescuing the British Countryside. HarperCollins UK.
  • Leopold, A., 1949. A Sand County Almanac and Sketches Here and There. Oxford University Press, New York.
  • Macdonald, D.W., 2013. From ethology to biodiversity: case studies of wildlife conservation. Quo Vadis, Behavioural Biology, pp. 111–156.
  • Macdonald, D. W., and Tattersall, F., 2001. Britain’s Mammals: The Challenge for Conservation. People’s Trust for Endangered Species.
  • Macdonald, D. W., Collins, N. M., and Wrangham, R., 2007. Principles, practice and priorities: the quest for ‘alignment’. Key Topics in Conservation Biology, pp. 271–90.
  • Natural England, 2014. <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/ government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/ file/432726/ne-strategic-direction.pdf>.
  • Soulé, M. E., 1985. What is conservation biology? BioScience, 35(11), pp. 727–34.
  • Trouwborst, A., Blackmore, A., Boitani, L., Bowman, M., Caddell, R., Chapron, G., Cliquet, A., Couzens, E., Epstein, Y., Fernández-Galiano, E. and Fleurke, F. M., 2017. International wildlife law: understanding and enhancing its role in conservation. BioScience, 67(9), pp. 784–90.
  • Vucetich, J. A., Burnham, D., Johnson, P. J., Loveridge, A. J., Nelson, M. P., Bruskotter, J. T., and Macdonald, D. W., 2019. The value of argument analysis for understanding ethical considerations pertaining to trophy hunting and lion conservation. Biological Conservation, 235, pp. 260–72.
  • Vucetich, J. A., Burnham, D., Macdonald, E. A., Bruskotter, J. T., Marchini, S., Zimmermann, A., and Macdonald, D. W., 2018. Just conservation: what is it and should we pursue it? Biological Conservation, 221, pp. 23–33.
  • Vucetich, J. A., Macdonald, E. A., Burnham, D., Bruskotter, J. T., Johnson, D. D., and Macdonald, D. W., 2021. Finding purpose in the conservation of biodiversity by the commingling of science and ethics. Animals, 11(3), p. 837.
  • Whitten, T., Holmes, D., and MacKinnon, K., 2001. Conservation biology: a displacement behavior for academia? Conservation Biology, pp. 1–3.

الفصل الرابع: الأنواع الغازِيَة

  • Bellard, C., Cassey, P., and Blackburn, T. M., 2016. Alien species as a driver of recent extinctions. Biology Letters, 12(2), p. 20150623.
  • Diagne, C., Leroy, B., Vaissière, A. C., Gozlan, R. E., Roiz, D., Jarić, I., Salles, J. M., Bradshaw, C. J., and Courchamp, F., 2021. High and rising economic costs of biological invasions worldwide. Nature, 592(7855), pp. 571–6.
  • Early, R., Bradley, B. A., Dukes, J. S., Lawler, J. J., Olden, J. D., Blumenthal, D. M., Gonzalez, P., Grosholz, E. D., Ibañez, I., Miller, L. P., and Sorte, C. J., 2016. Global threats from invasive alien species in the twenty-first century and national response capaci- ties. Nature Communications, 7(1), pp. 1–9.
  • Faulkner, K. T., Robertson, M. P., and Wilson, J. R., 2020. Stronger regional biosecurity is essential to prevent hundreds of harmful biological invasions. Global Change Biology, 26(4), pp. 2449–62.
  • Moorhouse, T. P., Gelling, M., and Macdonald, D. W., 2015. Water vole restoration in the Upper Thames. In Macdonald, D. W. and Feber, R. eds., Wildlife Conservation on Farmland: Managing for Nature on Lowland Farms (Vol. 1). Oxford University Press, USA, pp. 255–68.
  • Moorhouse, T. P. and Macdonald, D. W., 2015. Crayfish management in the Upper Thames. In Macdonald, D. W. and Feber, R. eds., Wildlife Conservation on Farmland: Conflict in the Countryside (Vol. 2). Oxford University Press, p. 165.

الفصل الخامس: الاتجار في الأحياء البرية

  • Bennett, E. L., Underwood, F. M., and Milner-Gulland, E. J., 2021. To trade or not to trade? Using Bayesian belief networks to assess how to manage commercial wildlife trade in a complex world. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 9, p. 123.
  • Cardoso, P., Amponsah-Mensah, K., Barreiros, J. P., Bouhuys, J., Cheung, H., Davies, A., Kumschick, S., Longhorn, S. J., Martínez-Munoz, C. A., Morcatty, T. Q., and Peters, G., 2021. Scientists' warning to humanity on illegal or unsustainable wildlife trade. Biological Conservation, 263, p. 109341.
  • Koh, L. P., Li, Y., and Lee, J. S. H., 2021. The value of China’s ban on wildlife trade and consumption. Nature Sustainability, 4(1), pp. 2–4.
  • Macdonald, D. W., Loveridge, A. J., Dickman, A., Johnson, P. J., Jacobsen, K. S., and Du Preez, B., 2017. Lions, trophy hunting and beyond: knowledge gaps and why they matter. Mammal Review, 47(4), pp. 247–53.
  • Macdonald, D. W., Harrington, L. A., Moorhouse, T. P., and D’Cruze, N., 2021. Trading animal lives: ten tricky issues on the road to protecting commodified wild animals. BioScience, 71(8), pp. 846–60.
  • Macdonald, D. W., Jacobsen, K. S., Burnham, D., Johnson, P. J., and Loveridge, A. J., 2016. Cecil: a moment or a movement? Analysis of media coverage of the death of a lion, Panthera leo. Animals, 6(5), p. 26.
  • Roe, D. and Lee, T. M., 2021. Possible negative consequences of a wildlife trade ban. Nature Sustainability, 4(1), pp. 5-6.
  • Vucetich, J. A., Burnham, D., Johnson, P. J., Loveridge, A. J., Nelson, M. P., Bruskotter, J. T., and Macdonald, D. W., 2019. The value of argument analysis for understanding ethical considerations pertaining to trophy hunting and lion conservation. Biological Conservation, 235, pp. 260–72.
  • World Resources Institute and International Union for Conservation of Nature, 1992. Global biodiversity strategy: guidelines for action to save, study, and use earth’s biotic wealth sustainably and equitably. World Resources Inst.

الفصل السادس: أمراض الأحياء البرية

  • Anderson, R. M. and May, R. M., 1978. Regulation and stability of host–parasite population interactions: I. Regulatory processes. The Journal of Animal Ecology, pp. 219–47.
  • Bourne, F. J., Donnelly, C. A., Cox, D. R., Gettinby, G., McInerney, J. P., Morrison, W. I., and Woodroffe, R., 2007. TB policy and the ISG’s findings. The Veterinary Record, 161(18), p. 633.
  • Buttke, D., Wild, M., Monello, R., Schuurman, G., Hahn, M., and Jackson, K., 2021. Managing wildlife disease under climate change. EcoHealth, 18, pp. 406–10.
  • Cardoso, B., García-Bocanegra, I., Acevedo, P., Cáceres, G., Alves, P. C., and Gortázar, C., 2022. Stepping up from wildlife disease surveillance to integrated wildlife monitoring in Europe. Research in Veterinary Science, 144, pp. 149–56.
  • Macdonald, D. W. and Laurenson, M. K., 2006. Infectious disease: inextricable linkages between human and ecosystem health. Biological Conservation, 131(2), p. 143.
  • Macdonald, D. W., 1980. Rabies and Wildlife: A Biologist’s Perspective. Oxford University Press.
  • Macdonald, D. W., Riordan, P., and Mathews, F., 2006. Biological hurdles to the control of TB in cattle: a test of two hypotheses concerning wildlife to explain the failure of control. Biological Conservation, 131(2), pp. 268–86.
  • Sillero-Zubiri, C., Marino, J., Gordon, C. H., Bedin, E., Hussein, A., Regassa, F., Banyard, A., and Fooks, A. R., 2016. Feasibility and efficacy of oral rabies vaccine SAG2 in endangered Ethiopian wolves. Vaccine, 34(40), pp. 4792–8.
  • Steck, F., Wandeler, A., Bichsel, P., Capt, S., Häfliger, U., and Schneider, L., 1982. Oral immunization of foxes against rabies laboratory and field studies. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 5 (1–3), pp. 165–71.
  • Worobey, M., Levy, J. I., Serrano, L. M. M., Crits-Christoph, A., Pekar, J. E., Goldstein, S. A., Rasmussen, A. L., Kraemer, M. U., Newman, C., Koopmans, M. P., and Suchard, M. A., 2022. The Huanan market was the epicenter of SARS-CoV-2 emergence. Zenodo. <https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299600>.

الفصل السابع: الصراع بين الإنسان والحياة البرية

  • Arbieu, U., Mehring, M., Bunnefeld, N., Kaczensky, P., Reinhardt, I., Ansorge, H., Böhning-Gaese, K., Glikman, J. A., Kluth, G., Nowak, C., and Müller, T., 2019. Attitudes towards returning wolves (Canis lupus) in Germany: exposure, information sources and trust matter. Biological Conservation, 234, pp. 202–10.
  • Dickman, A., Marchini, S., and Manfredo, M., 2013. The human dimension in addressing conflict with large carnivores. Key Topics in Conservation Biology, 2(1), pp. 110–26.
  • Fletcher, R. and Toncheva, S., 2021. The political economy of human–wildlife conflict and coexistence. Biological Conservation, 260, p. 109216.
  • Frank, B., Glikman, J. A., and Marchini, S., eds., 2019. Human–Wildlife Interactions: Turning Conflict into Coexistence (Vol. 23). Cambridge University Press.
  • IUCN. https://www.hwctf.org/about
  • Macdonald, D. W. and Sillero-Zubiri, C., 2004. Conservation: from theory to practice, without bluster. In Macdonald, D. W. and Sillero-Zubiri, C., The Biology and Conservation of Wild Canids. Oxford University Press, pp. 353–72.
  • Madden, F. and McQuinn, B., 2014. Conservation’s blind spot: the case for conflict transformation in wildlife conservation. Biological Conservation, 178, pp. 97–106.
  • Marchini, S., Ferraz, K., Zimmermann, A., Guimarães-Luiz, T., Morato, R., Correa, P., and Macdonald, D., 2019. Planning for coexistence in a complex human-dominated world. In Human–Wildlife Interactions: Turning Conflict into Coexistence. Cambridge University Press, pp. 414–38.
  • Nyhus, P. J., 2016. Human–wildlife conflict and coexistence. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 41, pp. 143–71.
  • Sibanda, L., Van der Meer, E., Hughes, C., Macdonald, E. A., Hunt, J. E., Parry, R. H., Dlodlo, B., Macdonald, D. W., and Loveridge, A. J., 2020. Exploring perceptions of subsistence farmers in northwestern Zimbabwe towards the African lion (Panthera leo) in the context of local conservation actions. African Journal of Wildlife Research, 50(1), pp. 102–18.
  • Spencer, H., 1868. Social Statistics, Or The Conditions Essential to Human Happiness Specified, and the First of Them Developed. Williams and Norgate.
  • Su, K., Zhang, H., Lin, L., Hou, Y., and Wen, Y., 2022. Bibliometric analysis of human–wildlife conflict: from conflict to coexistence. Ecological Informatics, 68, p. 101531.
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  • Zimmermann, A., Johnson, P., de Barros, A. E., Inskip, C., Amit, R., Soto, E. C., Lopez-Gonzalez, C. A., Sillero-Zubiri, C., de Paula, R., Marchini, S., and Soto-Shoender, J., 2021. Every case is different: cautionary insights about generalisations in human–wildlife conflict from a range-wide study of people and jaguars. Biological Conservation, 260, p. 109185.
  • Zimmermann, A., McQuinn, B., and Macdonald, D. W., 2020. Levels of conflict over wildlife: understanding and addressing the right problem. Conservation Science and Practice, 2(10), p. 259.

الفصل الثامن: تغير المناخ

  • Bevanger, K. and Lindström, E. R., 1995, January. Distributional history of the European badger Meles meles in Scandinavia during the 20th century. In Annales Zoologici Fennici (pp. 5–9). Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board.
  • Campbell, R. D., Newman, C., Macdonald, D. W. and Rosell, F., 2013. Proximate weather patterns and spring green-up phenology effect Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) body mass and reproductive success: the implications of climate change and topography. Global Change Biology, 19(4), pp. 1311–24.
  • Charmantier, A., McCleery, R. H., Cole, L. R., Perrins, C., Kruuk, L. E., and Sheldon, B. C., 2008. Adaptive phenotypic plasticity in response to climate change in a wild bird population. Science, 320(5877), pp. 800–3.
  • De Barros, A. E., Macdonald, E. A., Matsumoto, M. H., Paula, R. C., Nijhawan, S., Malhi, Y., and Macdonald, D. W., 2014. Identification of areas in Brazil that optimize conservation of forest carbon, jaguars, and biodiversity. Conservation Biology, 28(2), pp. 580–93.
  • Diamond, J. M., 1989. Overview of recent extinctions. In Western, D. and Pearl, M. C., eds., Conservation for the Twenty-First Century. Oxford University Press, pp. 37–41.
  • Fischer, E. M. and Knutti, R., 2015. Anthropogenic contribution to global occurrence of heavy-precipitation and high-temperature extremes. Nature Climate Change, 5(6), pp. 560–4.
  • Gardner, C. J. and Bullock, J. M., 2021. In the climate emergency, conservation must become survival ecology. Frontiers in Conservation Science, p. 84.
  • Hersteinsson, P. and Macdonald, D. W., 1992. Interspecific competition and the geographical distribution of red and arctic foxes Vulpes vulpes and Alopex lagopus. Oikos, pp. 505–15.
  • Macdonald, D. W., Newman, C., Buesching, C. D., and Nouvellet, P., 2010. Are badgers ‘under the weather’? Direct and indirect impacts of climate variation on European badger (Meles meles) population dynamics. Global Change Biology, 16(11), pp. 2913–22.
  • Malhi, Y., Lander, T., le Roux, E., Stevens, N., Macias-Fauria, M., Wedding, L., Girardin, C., Kristensen, J. Å., Sandom, C. J., Evans, T. D., and Svenning, J. C., 2022. The role of large wild animals in climate change mitigation and adaptation. Current Biology, 32(4), pp. R181–R196.
  • Rockström, J., Beringer, T., Hole, D., Griscom, B., Mascia, M. B., Folke, C., and Creutzig, F., 2021. Opinion: We need biosphere stewardship that protects carbon sinks and builds resilience. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(38).
  • Shum, C. K. and Kuo, C. Y., 2010. Observation and geophysical causes of present-day sea-level rise. In Climate Change and Food Security in South Asia. Springer, pp. 85–104.
  • Trisos, C. H., Merow, C., and Pigot, A. L., 2020. The projected timing of abrupt ecological disruption from climate change. Nature, 580(7804), pp. 496–501.
  • Vargas, F. H., Lacy, R. C., Johnson, P. J., Steinfurth, A., Crawford, R. J., Boersma, P. D., and Macdonald, D. W., 2007. Modelling the effect of El Niño on the persistence of small populations: the Galápagos penguin as a case study. Biological Conservation, 137(1), pp. 138–48.
  • Wang, B., Luo, X., Yang, Y. M., Sun, W., Cane, M. A., Cai, W., Yeh, S. W., and Liu, J., 2019. Historical change of El Niño properties sheds light on future changes of extreme El Niño. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(45), pp. 22512–17.
  • World Wildlife Fund. https://www.worldwildlife.org/threats/ effects-of-climate-change#:~:text=Sea%20levels%20are%20rising%20and,risk%20from%20the%20changing%20climat

الفصل التاسع: من يدفع الثمن وكيف؟

  • Barbier, E., 2022. Economics for a Fragile Planet. Cambridge University Press.
  • Barrett, K., Valentim, J., and Turner, B. L., 2013. Ecosystem services from converted land: the importance of tree cover in Amazonian pastures. Urban Ecosystems, 16(3), pp. 573–91.
  • Dasgupta, P., 2021. The Economics of Biodiversity: The Dasgupta Review. HM Treasury.
  • Dickman, A. J., Macdonald, E. A., and Macdonald, D. W., 2011. A review of financial instruments to pay for predator conservation and encourage human–carnivore coexistence. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(34), pp. 13937–44.
  • Dutton, A., Edwards-Jones, G., and Macdonald, D. W., 2010. Estimating the value of non-use benefits from small changes in the provision of ecosystem services. Conservation Biology, 24(6), pp. 1479–87.
  • Good, C., Burnham, D., and Macdonald, D. W., 2017. A cultural conscience for conservation. Animals, 7(7), p. 52.
  • Helm, D., 2019. Green and Prosperous Land: A Blueprint for Rescuing the British Countryside. HarperCollins UK.
  • Jacobsen, K. S., Dickman, A. J., Macdonald, D. W., Mourato, S., Johnson, P., Sibanda, L., and Loveridge, A., 2021. The importance of tangible and intangible factors in human–carnivore coexistence. Conservation Biology, 35(4), pp. 1233–44.
  • Lindsey, P. A., Chapron, G., Petracca, L. S., Burnham, D., Hayward, M. W., Henschel, P., Hinks, A. E., Garnett, S. T., Macdonald, D. W., Macdonald, E. A., and Ripple, W. J., 2017. Relative efforts of countries to conserve world’s megafauna. Global Ecology and Conservation, 10, pp. 243–52.
  • Lindsey, P. A., Miller, J. R., Petracca, L. S., Coad, L., Dickman, A. J., Fitzgerald, K. H., Flyman, M. V., Funston, P. J., Henschel, P., Kasiki, S., and Knights, K., 2018. More than $1 billion needed annually to secure Africa’s protected areas with lions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(45), pp. E10788–E10796.
  • McManus, J. S., Dickman, A. J., Gaynor, D., Smuts, B. H., and Macdonald, D. W., 2015. Dead or alive? Comparing costs and benefits of lethal and non-lethal human–wildlife conflict mitiga- tion on livestock farms. Oryx, 49(4), pp. 687–95.
  • Raworth, K., 2017. Doughnut Economics: Seven Ways to Think Like a 21st-Century Economist. Chelsea Green Publishing.
  • Scheren, P., Tyrrell, P., Brehony, P., Allan, J. R., Thorn, J. P., Chinho, T., Katerere, Y., Ushie, V., and Worden, J. S., 2021. Defining pathways towards African ecological futures. Sustainability, 13(16), p. 8894.
  • Taylor, I., Bull, J. W., Ashton, B., Biggs, E., Clark, M., Gray, N., Grub, H. M. J., Stewart, C. and E. J. Milner-Gulland, 2023. Nature-positive goals for an organisation’s food consumption. Nature Foodhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-022-00660-2.
  • TNC, 2021. <https://www.nature.org/en-us/newsroom/blue-bonds-belize-conserve-thirty-percent-of-ocean-through-debt-conversion/>.
  • Tyrrell, P., Naidoo, R., Macdonald, D. W., and du Toit, J. T., 2021. New forces influencing savanna conservation: increasing land prices driven by gentrification and speculation at the landscape scale. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 19(9), pp. 494–500.
  • Vucetich, J. A., Damania, R., Cushman, S. A., Macdonald, E. A., Burnham, D., Offer-Westort, T., Bruskotter, J. T., Feltz, A., Eeden, L. V., and Macdonald, D. W., 2021. A minimally nonanthropocentric economics: what is it, is it necessary, and can it avert the biodiversity crisis? BioScience, 71(8), pp. 861–73.

الفصل العاشر: ماذا بعد؟

  • Cohen-Shacham, E., Walters, G., Janzen, C., and Maginnis, S., 2016. Nature-based solutions to address global societal challenges. IUCN: Gland, Switzerland, 97, pp. 2016–36.
  • Cowen, S. and Sims, C., 2021. Conservation translocation of banded and Shark Bay rufous hare-wallaby to Dirk Hartog Island, Western Australia. In Soorae, P. S., ed., Global Conservation Translocation Perspectives, 2021: Case Studies from Around the Globe. IUCN SSC Conservation Translocation Specialist Group, Environment Agency.
  • Donadio, E., Zamboni, T., and Di Martino, S., 2022. Bringing Jaguars and their Prey Base Back to the Iberá Wetlands, Argentina (submitted).
  • Farhadinia, M. S., Johnson, P. J., Zimmermann, A., McGowan, P. J., Meijaard, E., Stanley-Price, M., and Macdonald, D. W., 2020. Ex situ management as insurance against extinction of mammalian megafauna in an uncertain world. Conservation Biology, 34(4), pp. 988–96.
  • Farhadinia, M. S., Rostro-García, S., Feng, L., Kamler, J. F., Spalton, A., Shevtsova, E., Khorozyan, I., Al-Duais, M., Ge, J., and Macdonald, D. W., 2021. Big cats in borderlands: challenges and implications for transboundary conservation of Asian leopards. Oryx, 55(3), pp. 452–60.
  • Macdonald, D. W., Tattersall, F. H., Brown, E. D., and Balharry, D., 1995. Reintroducing the European beaver to Britain: nostalgic meddling or restoring biodiversity? Mammal Review, 25(4), pp. 161–200.
  • Macdonald, D. W., Johnson, D. D. P., and Whitehouse, H., 2019. Towards a more natural governance of earth’s biodiversity and resources. Conservation & Society, 17(1), pp. 108–13.
  • Mkono, M., 2019. Neo-colonialism and greed: Africans’ views on trophy hunting in social media. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(5), pp. 689–704.
  • Soorae, P. S., ed., 2021. Global Conservation Translocation Perspectives, 2021: Case Studies from Around the Globe. IUCN SSC Conservation Translocation Specialist Group, Environment Agency.
  • Soulé, M. and Noss, R., 1998. Rewilding and biodiversity: complementary goals for continental conservation. Wild Earth, 8, pp. 18–28. Thomas, S., van der Merwe, V., Carvalho, W. D., Adania, C. H., Černe,
  • R., Gomerčić, T., Krofel, M., Thompson, J., McBride, R. T., Hernandez-Blanco, J., Yachmennikova, A., Macdonald, D. W. and Farhadinia, M., 2023. Evaluating the performance of conservation translocations in large carnivores across the world. Biological Conservation, https://doi.org/10.1016/
  • Tree, I., 2018. Wilding: The Return of Nature to a British Farm. Pan Macmillan.
  • Wilson, B. A., Evans, M. J., Batson, W. G., Banks, S. C., Gordon, I. J., Fletcher, D. B., Wimpenny, C., Newport, J., Belton, E., Rypalski, A., and Portas, T., 2020. Adapting reintroduction tactics in successive trials increases the likelihood of establishment for an endangered carnivore in a fenced sanctuary. Plos One, 15(6), p. e0234455.
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  • An expanded bibliography for all ten chapters can be found at www.wildcru.org/VSI_Biodiversity_Conservation/.
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